4 Labour Codes: Kaun Se State Mein Lagu, Kaun Mein Pending — 2026 Status

2019–2020 mein Parliament ne 29+ purane labour laws ko consolidate karke 4 Labour Codes banaye. Ye ek historic reform tha — simplify karna tha complicated labour law system ko. Lekin ek problem thi: India mein labour ek concurrent subject hai — Central aur State dono ke paas powers hain. Codes Parliament ne pass kiye, lekin state governments ko apne rules khud notified karne padte hain — tabhi woh state mein lagu hote hain.

2026 tak bhi bahut se states puri tarah implement nahi kar paaye. Is article mein hum detail se samjhate hain — charon codes kya hain, har ek ka employee par kya impact hai, aur state-wise status kya hai.

Charon Codes Kya Hain?

1. Code on Wages, 2019

Ye 4 laws ko merge karta hai: Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Wages Act, Equal Remuneration Act, aur Payment of Bonus Act. Key changes:

• Universal minimum wage — ab sab sectors ke workers pe lagu hoga, including unorganised sector
• Overtime premium — minimum wages ke double rate par
• Wages definition broadened — allowances included
• Payment in 2–3 working days after month end

2. Industrial Relations Code, 2020

Industrial Disputes Act, Trade Unions Act, Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act ko merge kiya. Key changes:

• 300+ employee firms ke liye retrenchment, layoff, closure mein government permission zaroori (pehle 100 tha)
• 3-month notice period ya pay in lieu for retrenchment (pehle 1 month)
• Fixed term employment formally recognized — same rights as permanent workers proportionally
• Strikes ke liye 14-day advance notice mandatory

3. Social Security Code, 2020

EPF Act, ESIC Act, Maternity Benefit Act samet 9 laws merged. Key changes:

• Gig workers aur platform workers ko social security benefits — ESIC/EPF coverage propsal hai
• Construction workers, domestic workers ke liye welfare boards
• Gratuity definition broadened — includes fixed term workers
• ESIC coverage expand hogi unorganised sector tak

4. Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions (OSH) Code, 2020

Factories Act, Contract Labour Act samet 13 laws merged. Key changes:

• Maximum 12-hour shift allowed (with consent and conditions) — but 48-hour weekly cap unchanged
• 4-day work week option — agar din mein 12 hours kaam ho toh 4 din mein 48 hours complete ho sakte hain
• Contract workers ko same facilities as direct workers
• Annual leave rules simplified

State-wise Implementation — Kahan Lagu Hua?

Implementation ke liye states ko apne rules frame karke gazette notification jari karni hoti hai. Yahan key states ka status hai:

State	Draft Rules Notified?	Fully Implemented?
Uttar Pradesh	Partial	Not fully
Madhya Pradesh	Yes (some codes)	Partial
Karnataka	Draft only	Not yet
Gujarat	Advanced stage	Partial
Maharashtra	Some codes	Not fully
Tamil Nadu	Limited	Not yet
Delhi	Draft stage	Not yet
Rajasthan	Yes (partial)	Partial

Important note: States ki exact notification status frequently change hoti hai. Aapke state ki current status ke liye apne state ka Labour Department gazette check karein — ya Ministry of Labour ki website.

Aapke Liye Iska Matlab Kya Hai?

Agar aap ek aise state mein hain jahan codes lagu nahi hue — to abhi bhi purane laws apply hote hain: Industrial Disputes Act 1947, Factories Act 1948, Minimum Wages Act 1948, etc. Ye laws aaj bhi valid hain jab tak state apne rules notify nahi karta.

Isme key employee rights jo abhi bhi protected hain:

• Overtime double pay (Minimum Wages Act + Factories Act)
• Retrenchment compensation under IDA Section 25F
• Minimum wages as notified by respective state governments
• Maternity benefit under Maternity Benefit Act 1961 (still active)

Kab Lagu Honge Sab States Mein?

Ye ek political aur administrative process hai jisme clear timeline nahi hai. Central government mehrbaar deadline extend kar chuki hai. Abhi bhi states ki readiness alag alag hai — kuch concerns hain industrial bodies se bhi aur unions se bhi.

As of 2026, ye reform ek ongoing process hai. Mulazim aapko update karta rahega jab koi significant state implementation hogi.