Industrial Relations Code 2020: Bina Notice Fire Kiya Toh 3 Mahine Ka Salary Dena Hoga

Kya Hai Industrial Relations Code 2020?

Pehle India mein teen alag-alag labour laws the — Industrial Disputes Act 1947, Trade Unions Act 1926, aur Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946. Government ne in teeno ko merge karke ek single code banaya — Industrial Relations Code, 2020 (IR Code). Yeh code September 2020 mein Parliament mein pass hua aur ab iske provisions gradually implement ho rahe hain.

Iska sabse bada impact yeh hai ki ab companies bade employees ko ek line ka email bhejkar fire nahi kar sakti. Pehle 100 employees wali companies pe yeh restriction thi, ab 300+ employees wali companies pe apply hota hai — lekin conditions bahut strict hain.

3 Mahine Ka Notice Ya Salary — Section 72 IR Code

IR Code ka Section 72 kehta hai ki agar kisi company mein 300 se zyada workers hain, toh kisi bhi worker ko retrench karne se pehle:

• 3 mahine ka written notice dena hoga — clearly mentioning retrenchment ka reason
• Ya phir 3 mahine ki salary advance mein deni hogi (notice ke badle)
• Iske upar government se prior permission leni hogi

Matlab company seedha fire nahi kar sakti. Pehle notice, phir government approval, phir retrenchment. Agar bina notice ke nikala toh 3 months ki salary aapko milni chahiye.

Important: Yeh rule sirf "retrenchment" pe lagta hai — matlab company surplus/cost-cutting ke naam pe nikale. Agar misconduct ke liye termination hai, toh alag procedure hoga domestic enquiry ke through.

Retrenchment Compensation — Kitna Milega?

Section 70 ke under, agar employee ne 1 saal ki continuous service complete ki hai, toh usse retrenchment compensation milegi:

Factor	Details
Eligibility	1 year continuous service (240 working days)
Compensation Formula	15 days average pay x completed years of service
Average Pay	Last 3 months ki average salary (basic + DA)
Example: 5 years, Rs 40,000/month	(40,000 / 26) x 15 x 5 = Rs 1,15,385
Example: 10 years, Rs 60,000/month	(60,000 / 26) x 15 x 10 = Rs 3,46,154

Yeh compensation notice period salary ke upar hai. Matlab 3 months salary + retrenchment compensation — dono alag-alag milenge.

Reskilling Fund — Naya Addition

IR Code 2020 mein ek bilkul naya provision aaya hai — Reskilling Fund. Section 83 ke under, company ko retrenched workers ke liye ek fund mein contribute karna hoga. Yeh amount last drawn salary ke 15 din ke barabar hoga.

Yeh fund workers ko naye skills sikhne aur doosri job dhundhne mein help karega. Isko within 45 days of retrenchment retrenched worker ke account mein transfer karna hoga.

Real Calculation — 5 Saal Kaam Kiya, Rs 40,000 Salary

Agar aapne kisi company mein 5 saal kaam kiya hai aur aapki monthly salary Rs 40,000 hai, toh fire hone pe aapko minimum yeh milna chahiye:

Component	Calculation	Amount
3 Month Notice Pay	Rs 40,000 x 3	Rs 1,20,000
Retrenchment Compensation	(40,000/26) x 15 x 5 years	Rs 1,15,385
Reskilling Fund	(40,000/26) x 15	Rs 23,077
Total Payout		Rs 2,58,462

Yeh 2.5 mahine ki extra salary sirf retrenchment compensation mein aa rahi hai — 3 mahine ki notice pay ke upar. Total milake lagbhag 6.5 months ki salary ka payout banta hai.

Kab Apply Hota Hai Aur Kab Nahi?

Apply Hota Hai:

• Company mein 300 ya usse zyada workers hain (pehle yeh limit 100 thi)
• Employee ne 1 saal ki continuous service complete ki hai
• Termination ka reason surplus labour, cost-cutting, restructuring hai
• Industrial establishments — factories, mines, plantations, aur notified establishments

Apply Nahi Hota:

• Company mein 300 se kam employees hain (unke liye alag rules — 1 month notice)
• Employee 1 saal se kam time se kaam kar raha hai
• Misconduct ke liye termination (domestic enquiry required)
• Probation period mein termination (appointment letter ke terms ke according)
• Contract/fixed-term employment ka natural expiry

Company Ne Rules Nahi Follow Kiye Toh Kya Karo?

Agar company ne bina notice aur bina compensation ke fire kiya, toh aap yeh steps le sakte ho:

1. Written complaint company ke HR/management ko — email se (record rakhne ke liye)
2. Labour Commissioner ke office mein complaint file karo — labour.gov.in pe district-wise details milegi
3. SAMADHAN portal pe online complaint — samadhan.labour.gov.in
4. Industrial Tribunal mein case file karo agar conciliation fail ho jaye
5. Legal notice bhejo lawyer ke through — Section 72 violation cite karo

IR Code ke under illegal retrenchment pe company ko penalty bhi lag sakti hai — fine aur imprisonment dono ka provision hai.

300 Se Kam Employees Wali Company Mein Ho Toh?

Agar aapki company mein 300 se kam workers hain, toh bhi aap completely unprotected nahi ho:

• 1 month ka written notice ya 1 month ki salary notice ke badle — mandatory hai
• Retrenchment compensation same formula — 15 days per year of service
• Bas government permission ki zaroorat nahi hoti
• LIFO principle (Last In, First Out) follow karna hota hai

Fixed-Term Employment — Naya Provision

IR Code 2020 ne Fixed-Term Employment ko bhi formally recognize kiya hai. Iska matlab:

• Company kisi ko 1 year, 2 year, ya kisi bhi fixed period ke liye hire kar sakti hai
• Fixed-term employee ko same benefits milenge jo permanent employee ko milte hain — PF, gratuity (pro-rata), bonus
• Contract khatam hone pe yeh retrenchment nahi maana jayega
• Lekin agar fixed-term ke beech mein terminate kiya — toh retrenchment rules apply honge